El Monte Ararat es un volcán inactivo, de 5165 metros de altura, con la cima cubierta de nieves perpetuas; es el pico más alto de Turquía, ubicado en el extremo nordeste, a 16 kilómetros de Irán y 32 de Armenia, país en el cual es el principal símbolo. En él nacen los ríos Araks y Éufrates.
Según la tradición judeo-cristiana, escrita en el primer libro de la Biblia, el Génesis -del hebreo bereshit “al principio” y del griego “nacimiento, creación, origen”- que corresponde al primer libro de la Torá (la ley o Pentateuco) y del Tanaj, la Biblia hebrea, conocida por los cristianos como el Antiguo Testamento, tradicionalmente atribuido a Moisés, el Arca de Noé, después del Diluvio Universal, descrito en el libro sagrado, se detuvo en el Monte Ararat.
En el Génesis también se hace la narración del diluvio anunciado a Noé por Yahweh, quien arrepentido de haber hecho hombres cuya maldad cundía, decidió exterminar todo tipo de vida de la faz de la tierra, enviando lluvias persistentes durante cuarenta días y cuarenta noches, cuyas aguas inundaron la tierra por espacio de 150 días.
Noé, hijo de Lamec y nieto de Matusalén-que se afirma en el texto que vivió novecientos sesenta y nueve años- “halló gracia a los ojos del señor” salvando la vida, junto con su esposa Naama, sus tres hijos, Sem, Cam y Jafet y sus respectivas esposas, ya que le ordenó construir un arca de maderas resinosas, de trescientos codos de longitud, cincuenta de anchura y treinta de altura-un codo equivale a 50.8 centímetros- para que llevara a bordo dos miembros de cada especie animal. Noé contaba con seiscientos años (sic) cuando acaeció el diluvio, y en el mes séptimo, el día diecisiete del mes, varó el arca sobre los montes de Ararat (Génesis 8:4).
Beroso un sacerdote babilónico, que vivió en el S III a.C. afirmaba que la gente subía al monte Ararat para confeccionarse amuletos mágicos con los restos del arca; El historiador judío, Flavio Josefo, protegido del emperador Vespasiano, aceptaba la existencia de esos restos; en el siglo IV, Epifanio, el obispo Salamina, autor de obras apologéticas, escribió que los trozos del Arca de Noé, se mostraban en trozos el país de los Kurdos.
Marco Polo afirmaba en sus días (siglo XIII) que el arca reposaba en una gran montaña siempre cubierta de nieve; en mayo de 1883, el gobierno turco mandó una comisión de expertos a evaluar los daños causados por un terremoto en el monte Ararat, sus miembros aseguraron haber encontrado “una especie de navío al descubierto, emergiendo de un glaciar”.
El 17 de junio de 1949, un aparato de la Fuerza Aérea de los Estados Unidos, descubrió una anomalía situada sobre el monte Ararat, en Turquía. Temiendo la instalación de algún tipo de misil o de artefacto soviético en los límites fronterizos de la OTAN, la CIA decidió enviar al lugar aviones espía U-2 y SR-71. El gobierno norteamericano nunca reveló el descubrimiento de esa estructura, conociéndose las fotos hasta 1995. Algunos analistas llamaron la atención, sobre la curiosa casualidad, que la “anomalía” estaba situada, justamente en el punto que la tradición asegura se encuentra el Arca de Noé.
El macizo de Ararat que se encuentra en lo que fue la frontera turco/soviética, por su interés militar, obligó a la clasificación de secreto, las posteriores fotografías de aviones y satélites, tomadas en 1956, 1973, 1976 y 1992.
La revisión de imágenes satelitales, por más de quince años, ubican la anomalía a 4663 metros de altura, en la zona noreste del Monte Ararat y está cubierta por hielo glacial, si los restos son algo náutico, potencialmente podría ser algo de proporciones bíblicas. Por lo pronto parece que estamos ante uno de los secretos mejor guardados, pues la supuesta arca se ha conservado en hielo por más de 4000 años, estimando su longitud en 156 metros, que equivalen a los 300 codos de la requisición que recibió Noé.
Un pequeño pedazo de madera descubierto en la misma área por un explorador francés, es considerado por algunos, como una prueba física de la presunción de que se trata del navío utilizado por Noe durante el diluvio. Varios buscadores del arca perdida, entre ellos científicos, arqueólogos y geólogos, han afirmado que se trata de la famosa embarcación. Aunque los meteorólogos no han encontrado rastros del diluvio universal, sospechas que pudo haber un incidente local en los alrededores del este del Mediterráneo.
Hasta ahora, a la anomalía sólo se le ha visto desde lejos; los exploradores deben obtener autorización del gobierno de Turquía, quien ha prohibido el acceso directo al monte Ararat, porque el gran hallazgo “perjudicaría la religión de los musulmanes”.
Según algunos “conspiranoicos” la CIA ha desenterrado, desde finales de los años 40, los restos de la bíblica Arca, trasladándolos a instalaciones militares en los Estados Unidos, lo que parece un mito infantil, que ha perdurado porque la información del tema ha sido clasificada. Tras observar la imaginería existente en torno al asunto del Monte Ararat, la Agencia de Inteligencia, declaró que no podían confirmar la existencia del Arca ni su supuesta localización.
El astronauta James Irving, uno de los pilotos del SR-71, que piso la luna en 1971 durante la misión Apolo 15, decidió dedicar su vida a la búsqueda del Arca de Noé; patrocinando seis expediciones, caminando por los accidentados senderos del Ararat, solo encontrando nieve, frío, viento, niebla e imponentes grietas.
Dilucidar este enigma ha interesado a judíos y cristianos, aunque el Corán menciona también la nave; muchos investigadores se entusiasmaron, sobre todo lo primeros años, en 1991, cinco arqueólogos fueron secuestrados por los rebeldes kurdos, y el mismo año los turcos cerraron el Monte Ararat a los visitantes, lo que ha complicado la búsqueda. La prensa ha tomado esta información para artículos sensacionalistas, porque los científicos han desestimado que una nave de madera pueda sobrevivir durante 4500 años en un glaciar en movimiento, proponiendo que el inusual sitio, es una combinación de sombras, hielo y nieve.
En los últimos cincuenta años, tras la aparición de unas polémicas fotografías en las que según algunos investigadores se apreciaban restos de dicha Arca en las estribaciones de esta montaña, diversas expediciones se han dirigido a este lugar con el fin de corroborar la afirmación del Libro del Génesis, con resultados negativos hasta el día de hoy.
Los escépticos dicen que Noé hubiera tenido que embarcar 460 organismos por segundo para poner a bordo una pareja de cada especie en 24 horas; que ninguna nave de madera hubiera sido capaz de soportar tan tremendo peso, sin mencionar las toneladas de excremento que se acumularían en los mas de cuarenta días de navegación. Lástima, porque merecería ser verdad.
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